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About stuartbramhall

Retired child and adolescent psychiatrist and American expatriate in New Zealand. In 2002, I made the difficult decision to close my 25-year Seattle practice after 15 years of covert FBI harassment. I describe the unrelenting phone harassment, illegal break-ins and six attempts on my life in my 2010 book The Most Revolutionary Act: Memoir of an American Refugee.

Reject Real ID, Don’t Use QR Codes Ever

woman holding hand out with qr code and x on it

by Brenda Baletti

Nurse and author Twila Brase joined CHD.TV and “The Solari Report” to discuss the dangers of Real ID and QR Codes and how people can resist them.

“They’re trying to build a control grid and they’re building it in different steps,” Catherine Austin Fitts, founder and publisher of “The Solari Report,” told viewers of “Financial Rebellion” on an episode of “Good Morning, CHD.”

Biometric scans, QR codes, Real ID and digital money — they’re all steps in that process, said Austin Fitts.

“And when they all link together, you are in a digital concentration camp and they can take all of your assets, they can take your kids, they have complete control,” she said.

Some people oppose some steps and not others, Austin Fitts said. Conservatives tend to support a biometric surveillance system at the border, for example. But people don’t understand that the pieces are all part of building a total biometric surveillance system.

Austin Fitts — the former U.S. assistant secretary of Housing and Urban Development — cited historian Carol Quigley, who argued that part of the goal of financial capitalism was to concentrate financial control in private hands so that those who controlled the financial system could also control the political system.

Austin Fitts said today this type of control depends on the ability to centrally control the rules of finance. The central bankers are now merging with big tech, creating a control system. “And they’re doing it leg by leg, bit by bit,” Austin Fitts said. “And if you buy into the different bits, it’s going to snap together.”

She likened it to marching into the slaughterhouse. “We are helping to build our own prisons. You’ve got to back out,” she said

Austin Fitts said the key to a successful financial control grid is a high-quality national ID system like the national Real ID, that can be aggregated globally.

Co-host Carolyn Betts explained that in 2005, Congress passed the REAL ID Act, establishing a national system for sharing driver information across states. The system included federal requirements for more onerous forms of identification to obtain a driver’s license.

Under the law, a Real ID would be needed to access some federal facilities, commercial aircraft and nuclear power plants.

The federal government has been trying to push the program forward, but almost 20 years after the law passed, it hasn’t been fully implemented.

Twila Brase, R.N., is co-founder and director of Citizens Council for Health Freedom, a health privacy nonprofit that has been challenging the Real ID.

Brase, author of “Big Brother in the Exam Room: The Dangerous Truth about Electronic Health Records,” said the places and services that could require a Real ID may be expanded if people don’t resist. She said her organization was concerned people would be required to have a Real ID to access healthcare — or anything else, including government services.

Brase said several states resisted the program initially, which is partially why it stalled. However, in 2020, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) worked with state DMVs to move it forward nationally.

All states now plan to implement the program, although 45 states don’t yet require them.

Brase said there’s a push — in the form of a regulation proposed by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and the DHS — to make the system national by May 7, 2025.

Her group has been educating people on how to resist the IDs. She said 31,764 concerned people commented on the proposed rule before the Oct. 15th deadline.

Brase also said 44% of driver’s licenses are not Real ID-compliant. She suggested that that number to could grow, if people return their Real IDs — which many people don’t know they have — and replace them with regular ones.

She also noted that people can fly with passports if they want to resist getting a Real ID.

People can find out if they have a Real ID by visually inspecting their licenses. Real IDs have a special symbol — usually a star. Also, if a license isn’t a Real ID, it will typically say that the ID is not for federal identification purposes, or something similar.

Brase said the move toward Real ID is also a move toward a mobile ID that could be uploaded on a cellphone. This would facilitate new forms of surveillance, she said.

For example, a proposed bill in New Jersey would allow people to have mobile driver’s licenses that they carry on their phone or any internet-ready device.

‘Don’t use QR codes ever. Period. No exception.’

Austin Fitts told viewers she views QR codes as “one of the legs of the digital concentration camp that is going to snap into place.”

QR codes are easy to hack and manipulate, she said. She played a news clip explaining how the codes can be modified to include commands the user is unaware of.

For example, some QR codes can make your phone download malware that gives others access to your phone. Or they can run data-collection software in the background.

“The moral of the story? Don’t use QR codes ever. Period. No exception,” the news clip advised.

Austin Fitts pointed out that when companies like Google make QR codes, they can capture data that they aggregate with all the other data Google already has about users.

CHD.TV Program Director Polly Tommey said at Children’s Health Defense, fundraisers have been concerned that if a nonprofit doesn’t use QR codes, people won’t donate, because QR codes offer a convenience people have come to expect. She asked Austin Fitts how she would respond.

“I do think it makes it more convenient to raise money from people who don’t know better in the short run,” Austin Fitts said. “But in the long run, you’re talking about a system that is going to basically drain or steal all the assets of everybody … it’s like getting a sugar fix that kills the patient.”

Betts said these digital issues can be hard for people to understand. “Unlike the gulags in prisons of the past, where you could actually see the bars, they can’t be seen today, right? They are invisible.”

Most Americans don’t understand how this all works, she added. “So it’s much harder than if you actually had real bars to convince people that this gulag is being created.”

Watch ‘Financial Rebellion’ here:

US & Israel Oppose Entire World in UN Vote to End Cuba Blockade

Cuba blockade UN vote 2024 map

Ben Norton

For the 32nd consecutive year, the entire world voted at the UN General Assembly to demand an end to the illegal US embargo against Cuba.

The United States and Israel opposed the international community in a vote of 187 to 2, on the resolution titled “Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba”.

Just one country abstained: Moldova, a former Soviet republic that now has a pro-Western government that is seeking to join the European Union and NATO.

Ukraine did not vote. In 2023, Kiev had abstained.

Venezuela expressed strong support for the resolution, but is unable to vote. Venezuela lost its voting rights because it cannot pay UN membership fees, due to illegal US unilateral sanctions against it, and because Washington and numerous European countries stole Caracas’ foreign exchange reserves.

Afghanistan is not able to vote in the General Assembly either, due to unpaid UN fees. Like Venezuela, Afghanistan suffers from unilateral US sanctions, and Washington unlawfully seized billions of dollars from its reserves.

If Venezuela and Afghanistan had not been denied their voice at the UN due to illegal US sanctions, the vote would have been 189 to 2.

There are 193 member states of the United Nations.

Cuba embargo UN vote 2024 countries

One surprise in the October 30 vote was that the far-right government of Argentina supported the resolution. This was because the South American nation’s Foreign Minister Diana Mondino had disobeyed orders and joined the rest of the international community in endorsing it.

Argentina’s avowedly pro-US President Javier Milei, a self-declared “anarcho-capitalist”, fired Mondino in rage and condemned Cuba. He then appointed his US ambassador as the new foreign minister.

The BBC noted that this act of protest by Mondino “was the first time since Milei’s arrival in office that Argentina has not aligned itself with the US and Israeli governments”.

In the 2023 vote on the same resolution in the UN General Assembly, the tally was nearly identical: 187 to 2, with only the US and Israel in opposition.

In 2023, Ukraine had abstained, whereas Moldova did not vote.

Cuba blockade UN GA vote November 2023

In 2022, the vote was 185 to 2, with two abstentions, from Ukraine and Brazil – which at the time was led by far-right President Jair Bolsonaro.

UN vote Cuba blockade embargo 2022

The UN General Assembly vote against the US blockade of Cuba, on November 3, 2022

Cuba has suffered under illegal US sanctions and a blockade for six decades.

Washington’s stated goal in waging economic war on Cuba is to bring about “hunger, desperation, and overthrow of government”.

This was revealed in a 1960 State Department cable, titled “The Decline and Fall of Castro”.

In the document, a top State Department official admitted that the “majority of Cubans support [Fidel] Castro”, referring to the leftist leader who came to power in a 1959 revolution against US-backed right-wing dictator Fulgencio Batista.

“There is no effective political opposition” to the new revolutionary government in Cuba, the State Department admitted.

It therefore concluded, “The only foreseeable means of alienating internal support is through disenchantment and disaffection based on economic dissatisfaction and hardship”.

The State Department insisted “that every possible means should be undertaken promptly to weaken the economic life of Cuba”.

Washington’s strategy, according to the document, is to make “the greatest inroads in denying money and supplies to Cuba, to decrease monetary and real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and overthrow of government”.

State Department memo 1960 Cuba sanctions hunger overthrow government

Commonwealth: An Outdated Colonial Institution

CHOGM, Samoa 2024. Source: FMT, https://t.ly/FeClS

A.T. Freeman

Reparations row shows the Commonwealth is long past its sell by date.

From 21-26 October, the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting (CHOGM) took place in Apia, the capital of the Pacific island of Samoa. The meeting was overshadowed by a storm around the demand that Britain face up to its criminal responsibility for the gross violation of the human rights of millions of people that it conquered and enslaved within its empire. In particular, the point was raised that Britain must make reparations for the ongoing human and social damage caused by its role as the chief human trafficker in enslaved Africans and one of the greatest perpetrators of this crime against humanity.  In many ways, this row underlines the fact that the Commonwealth is nothing more than a colonial relic of Britain’s imperial days, underpinned by the same racist ideology and that it is time for it to be disbanded.

The Commonwealth currently has 56 member countries, 21 of which are located in Africa and 12 of which are CARICOM members. There are another 17 former British colonies from Asia and the Pacific which bring the total number of non-European countries in the Commonwealth to 50, or nearly 90% of the organisation’s membership. However, this numerical preponderance does not translate into power within the organisation. This rests firmly with Britain and the European settler colonies it established such as Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The small European countries of Malta and Cyprus are the other 2 member states.

This racist distribution of power within the organisation originated in the development of Britain’s empire.  By the late 19th century, Britain had already established a racist distinction between its colonies. Those which were European settler colonies were classified as dominions and allowed a large amount of self-governance while colonies without significant European settlement were denied any such control over their own affairs. In 1926 at the Imperial Conference – attended by the leaders of Britain and its dominions, including Australia, Canada, India, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, New Zealand and South Africa – the decision was taken to establish the British Commonwealth of Nations, which is now referred to as the Commonwealth. As part of the agreement, they all pledged allegiance to the British monarch.  India was represented by Frederick Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead who was Britain’s colonial Secretary of State for India and his under-secretary Edward Turnour, the 6th Earl of Winterton. There were no Indians present. South Africa was represented by Barry Herzog, a Boer general and then prime minister of the Union of South Africa. He was accompanied by his finance minister Nicolaas Havenga. There were no Africans present.

In many ways, today’s Commonwealth is simply a continuation of Britain’s empire but one in which Britain exercises its control through neo-colonial means rather than through direct colonial rule. Just like its predecessor, today’s Commonwealth is an important source of wealth and global power for Britain’s ruling oligarchy and its politicians. The population of the Commonwealth amounts to 2.7 billion people which is an enormous market for Britain’s capitalist corporations. According to the House of Commons Library, in 2023 Britain’s exports to the Commonwealth were worth £89 billion and it maintained a trade surplus of £14 billion with these countries. Trade with Commonwealth states accounts for 9% of Britain’s total trade. With regard to foreign direct investment, the Commonwealth is a lucrative market for Britain’s monopolies which invested an average of £20 billion in Commonwealth countries in 2021 and 2022. Clearly, the Commonwealth continues to serve the interests of Britain’s ruling oligarchy. To ensure that this is done efficiently, the Commonwealth Enterprise and Investment Council (CWEIC) has been established.

This is the context in which the row about reparations erupted at the CHOGM. The demand that Britain take responsibility for its past colonial crimes and make reparations to those who continue to suffer the consequences of its wrongdoings is a longstanding one. Therefore, in the days leading up to the heads of government meeting, British prime minister Keir Starmer declared that the issue of reparations was not on the agenda for the meeting, that Britain would not apologise for its role as the main human trafficker in enslaved Africans and that with regard to reparations, “The government’s position on this has not changed – we do not pay reparations”. Keir Starmer’s Labour government’s arrogant refusal to acknowledge Britain’s responsibility for its colonial crimes reflects the consistent position of successive British governments, whether Conservative or Labour.

To add insult to injury, Britain’s King Charles then attempted to gaslight people in his address to CHOGM. In his speech of over 1500 words, not once did he mention the word slavery, nor acknowledge the criminal role that Britain had played in it. Repeatedly referring to the member countries of the organisation as ‘our Commonwealth family’, he declared, “I understand, from listening to people across the Commonwealth, how the most painful aspects of our past continue to resonate……None of us can change the past”. Through this sleight of hand, Britain’s king is trying create the impression that the perpetrator and his victim have a shared past in which each is responsible for the crime. The criminal alone is responsible for the crime and the pain is inflicted on those who suffered at the hands of the criminal.

The fact that the British state, of which he is the head, refuses point blank to acknowledge its crime, let alone apologise or make reparations for it shows clearly that Britain’s rulers couldn’t care less about the past and current pain that its colonial crimes have caused. If this is the behaviour within a family, then it is an abusive family. Further, the king raises the old worn-out argument about changing the past as if anyone thinks it’s possible to change the past. The demand is that the crimes committed in the past and their consequences both in the past and present be openly acknowledged and addressed.

The British state’s gaslighting and arrogant refusal to acknowledge its colonial crimes contrasts sharply with its attitude towards the crimes of the Nazis in Europe. It routinely acknowledges this holocaust while denying its own holocausts of indigenous genocide, human trafficking and enslavement. It has declared its intention to build a memorial to the victims of the Nazi holocaust, while telling the victims of its own holocausts to get over it. Not surprisingly, the final communique of the CHOGM did not contain a single word of condemnation of Britain’s colonial crimes nor a call for it to make reparations. It did, however, contain a statement in support of the US organised invasion of Haiti. It is evident that the British Commonwealth of Nations continues to be a reactionary organisation which serves the imperial interests of Britain’s financial oligarchy.

The position expressed by Britain’s king and government shows that they remain committed to its imperial ideology of racism. Rather than addressing this central issue Britain has, instead, opted to develop an entire industry based on fake anti-racism. This involves co-opting into the system individuals from communities which are the targets of colonialism and racism so as to give Britain’s state racism a multi-cultural face. This was fully demonstrated by the fact that David Lammy, the current British Foreign Secretary, himself a descendant of enslaved Africans, accompanied Keir Starmer and the king to the CHOGM to defend Britain’s disgraceful colonial crimes.

In 2024, when people are striving to bring about a world of justice and equality for all, an organisation like the Commonwealth, in which the most abhorrent crimes against humanity cannot even be acknowledged, is an organisation which is past its sell by date. It’s time for it to be disbanded.

[…]

Via https://libya360.wordpress.com/2024/11/01/commonwealth-an-outdated-colonial-institution/

Democrats Plan for Color Revolution

Norman L. Eisen - Age, Birthday, Biography & Facts | HowOld.co

It feels like there’s been a notable shift amongst Democrats in the last month. A recent sense of fatalism – or perhaps just simple resignation to what appears to be an inevitable Trump win. But as it turns out, there are some Democrats who have been preparing for this potential outcome for at least the last year.

One of those people is Norman Eisen, and it looks like he’s up to his old Lawfare & Color Revolution tricks again. The man responsible for virtually all of the legal attacks on President Trump now has a new activist group – although it has many of the same players – and they’re preparing for an assault on a second Trump Presidency.

Eisen, a Brookings senior fellow, Obama’s former White House Ethics Czar and Ambassador to Czechoslovakia during the “Velvet Revolution,” has been behind the ongoing Lawfare that has targeted Trump for years. Eisen was one of the primary forces behind the first impeachment of Trump and is also the co-founder of Leftist non-profit CREW or Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington.

Eisen played a lead role in Democrats pre-2020 election war games which predicted a remarkably accurate contested election scenario that ended unfavorably for Trump. Of particular note in regards to his current efforts, Eisen is also the author of the highly influential color revolution manual, The Democracy Playbook.

Eisen’s latest venture, State Democracy Defenders Action (SDDA), bills itself as bringing “together a bipartisan all-star team of experts in safeguarding democracy” and ominously claims they help “shape the long term strategy to defeat Election denial and its logical outgrowth: American Autocracy, starting with preparing for a vigorous response to whatever 2025 – and beyond – may bring.”

Eisen’s new venture and website was first uncovered by a fellow researcher on X that goes by the handle @pepesgrandma. Her account has ongoing threads on this topic.

[…]

The group says they “work with national, state and local allies across the country to defend in real-time the foundation of our democracy – free and fair elections.” State Democracy Defenders Action also foreshadows future civil unrest by claiming to “help shape the long-term strategy to defeat autocracy in 2025 – and beyond.”

[…]

Central to their efforts are what the group calls their 10 Principles, which can appear innocuous with a casual glance but are actually representative of NeoCon, Never-Trump talking points and Globalist Goals. When one reads these principles with an eye towards a future Trump Presidency, their words take on an entirely different meaning.

The group’s first principle states that they “believe in the foundational idea of rule of law.”

[…]

The group also appears to be preparing to fight Trump’s planned downsizing of the federal government, noting that career civil service employees “work in our government irrespective of the political party or ideology of the person elected to the Presidency.” They laughably claim that “Our civil servants’ obligations to the people of this country, the Constitution, and the rule of law serve a fundamental role in effective democratic governance.”

[…]

By the time the 2020 election arrived, everyone anticipated a delay in voting results. The sudden overnight shift from a Trump lead to a Biden win was still a huge shock – but it would have been impossible without this careful advance planning and widespread dissemination by Democrat operatives. Eisen’s useful idiots fulfill precisely this function – which is why he uses them in almost all of his operations.

But make no mistake. More serious operators are in charge of things. In addition to Eisen, there’s Eisen’s original Lawfare partner Norm Ornstein of American Enterprise Institute, NeoCon and Never-Trumper Bill Kristol (we can debate how serious Kristol actually is), the Atlantic’s David Frum, Susan Corke (Managing Director of SDDA), Victoria Nuland’s husband Robert Kagan – and DNC Power Operative Michael Podhorzer.

Podhorzer, the former political director of the AFL-CIO and current Fellow at the Center for American Progress, is the man credited in Time’s now-infamous article, The Secret History of the Shadow Campaign, as being “The Architect” of Biden’s “win in 2020. Podhorzer is also the founder of The Analyst Institute, which has been referred to as “the nerve center of the data-driven empirical turn in Democratic campaign strategies.”

Unlike the public-facing useful idiots, Podhorzer is rarely seen and once again appears to be operating behind the scenes. Podhorzer is a highly powerful, highly influential, but little known DNC operative – and while we can’t prove it, our guess is that he’s directing Eisen rather than the other way around.

The inclusion of Robert Kagan, a Brookings Fellow like Eisen, is also notable. He recently “resigned” from the Washington Post after the paper refused to endorse Kamala. A long-time NeoCon, Kagan has worked tirelessly to lie and manipulate our country into multiple wars. His wife, Victoria Nuland, was instrumental in overthrowing the legitimately elected government in Ukraine in early 2014 and she was also involved in the RussiaGate lie – receiving perhaps the earliest known copy of the Steele Dossier in early July 2016.

Back in November 2023, Kagan penned a dangerous – 6,000 word editorial in the Washington Post titled “A Trump dictatorship is increasingly inevitable. We should stop pretending.” Kagan said a Trump win was all but inevitable – and Trump would rule as a ruthless dictator “unless something radical and unforeseen happens.”

As Mollie Hemmingway noted at the time, “This extreme and dangerous genre – of claiming Trump is Hitler (because, they say, he might do what Democrats are doing right now) – should probably be given the name Assassination Prep.”

Kagan’s inclusion in Eisen’s new effort also explains the sudden appearance of Victoria Nuland on Rachel Maddow – which prompted Alexandros Marinos to ask “Did Nuland step down from State so she could coordinate the color revolution playbook from outside, like she did in Ukraine?” The answer to that question is almost certainly a resounding “yes.”

After resigning from the State Department, Nuland joined the Board of Directors at the National Endowment for Democracy. As Mike Benz notes, the NED is really just a CIA cut-out – and a major driver in the censorship of Americans – something that Nuland told Maddow she still supports.

[…]

Eisen’s new group has also collaborated closely with the No Dictators Declaration, a loose-knit coalition organized by Congressman Jamie Raskin – who recently stated that he intended to lead an effort to refuse to certify Trump as president if Trump won the election. Included in the No Dictators Declaration are specific calls to reduce Trump’s ability to respond to any post-election domestic unrest or civil uprisings. From their A Call to Protect American Freedoms declaration:

  1. To reduce the threat of dictatorship, Congress should limit the president’s ability to declare bogus domestic and foreign emergencies.
  1. To reduce the threat of dictatorship, Congress should limit the president’s abuse of his or her power to deploy the military on American soil.
    • Under the outdated and overbroad Insurrection Act, presidents can claim extraordinary powers to deploy troops domestically. Recently, some have called for its invocation to prevent Americans from exercising their First Amendment rights of free expression.
  1. To reduce the threat of dictatorship, Congress should prevent the adoption of partisan, personal, and ideological loyalty tests, loyalty oaths, and similar authoritarian measures designed to purge the professional civil service and replace qualified workers with unqualified loyalists to the president.
    • Working for the federal government means working for the American people under the Constitution and the rule of law.
  1. To reduce the threat of dictatorship, Congress should ensure that presidents who abuse their powers to commit crimes can be prosecuted like all other people.
    • The founders overthrew a king and wrote a Constitution to enshrine the core American ideal that no person is above the law. We the people must restore the concept that we are all equal before the law.
  1. To reduce the threat of dictatorship, Congress should limit the president’s ability to use investigative and prosecutorial decisions and resources to pursue vendettas against disfavored people and groups.
    • The Department of Justice, the Internal Revenue Service, and other government agencies cannot become instruments of tyranny. We must make certain that the executive branch cannot employ increasingly creative ways to persecute individuals, civil society organizations, and nonprofits based on their ideologies.
    • The U.S. currently has 42 national emergencies declared, some decades-old. Under emergency powers, a president can claim the authority to divert funds, seize property, and bypass Congress.

Everything contained within the group’s declaration is designed to limit and neuter a Trump Presidency –  to cripple Trump’s ability to respond and follow through on his campaign promises. Their declaration is really the fearful confession of guilty parties who are willing to do anything to avoid accountability.

[…]

A number of current and former officials have claimed that Trump will attempt to use military force. Leon Panetta, who served as Obama’s CIA Director and then as his Secretary of Defense, told NBC that “Like any good dictator, Trump’s going to try to use the military to basically perform his will.” Senator Dick Blumenthal breathlessly claimed that “There are an array of horrors that could result from Trump’s unrestricted use of the Insurrection Act.”

[…]

The Insurrection Act authorizes the president to deploy military forces inside the United States to suppress rebellion or domestic violence or to enforce the law in certain situations. The Insurrection Act was last invoked in 1992, during the L.A. riots that followed the Rodney King beating by police. Both sides seem to believe that it may be needed again.

Podhorzer placed things into frightening context when he told the Autocracy in America conference that “The key question going into November is whether or not – and this is the message this conference is trying to get across – is to believe that this is an election as profound as any since 1860 about where this country is going.”

[…]

As the article notes, “Many of those organizers were part of [Mike] Podhorzer’s network” the man credited in Time’s article as being “The Architect” of the entire election effort.

The article detailed how more than 150 liberal groups had joined the “Protect the Results” coalition and stated that “The group’s now defunct website had a map listing 400 planned post election demonstrations, to be activated via text message as soon as Nov. 4. To stop the coup they feared, the left was ready to flood the streets.”

There is another unspoken admission here as well. The trigger for the pre-planned riots was a Biden loss, not a “stolen election”. Or said another way, the Left would determine what comprised a stolen election only by its outcome.

This matter was further highlighted by Angela Peoples, director for the Democracy Defense Coalition, who told Time Magazine that “We wanted to be mindful of when was the right time to call for moving masses of people into the street.”

But after Fox called Arizona for Biden, a decision was made to “stand down”. As Podhorzer noted, “They had spent so much time getting ready to hit the streets on Wednesday. But they did it…there was not a single Antifa vs. Proud Boys incident.”

In other words, Podhorzer and his crew effectively controlled the actions of Antifa and Black Lives Matter – if not completely, then at the very least during these critical moments and days. It seems likely that they control these same groups today.

In his Color Revolution playbook, Eisen wrote that “Political opposition groups should form networks between other opposition groups, local electoral activists, civil society groups, and, where appropriate, international organizations and actors” and “Forcefully contest each individual illiberal act of non-democratic actors”.

Eisen also foreshadowed his continued use of lawfare, noting that “big data and AI can play a role in litigation by forecasting which judges and jurisdictions are responsive to specific arguments, thereby guiding well-funded litigants while disadvantaging those without access to such tools.”

The plans by Eisen’s group should be taken seriously. We all remember the chaos and widespread civil unrest that took place in 2020. And don’t forget: If Trump is Hitler, then in Eisen’s eyes we are the “non-democratic actors” that his group is targeting.

[…]

Via https://truthovernews.org/p/democrats-plan-for-color-revolution

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Projects Foundering in Five-Eye Nations

Thoughts on Central Bank Digital Currencies, or CBDC | Signals Matter

by

Canada and Australia shelve plans for retail CBDCs while the US could soon become the first country to explicitly ban the central bank from issuing a CBDC.   

As we warned in May 2022, a financial revolution is quietly sweeping the world (or at least trying to) that has the potential to reconfigure the very nature of money, making it programmable, far more surveillable and centrally controlled. To quote Washington DC-based blogger and analyst NS Lyons, “if not deliberately and carefully constrained in advance by law,… CBDCs have the potential to become even more than a technocratic central planner’s dream. They could represent the single greatest expansion of totalitarian power in history.”

At the time of writing that post, around 90 countries and currency unions were in the process of exploring a CBDC, according to the Atlantic Council’s CBDC tracker. Today, just two and a half years later, that number has increased to 134, representing 98% of global GDP. Around 66 of those countries are in the advanced stage of exploration—development, pilot, or launch.

But they do not include the United States. In fact, the US is not just trailing most countries on CBDC development; it could soon become the first country to explicitly ban the central bank from issuing a CBDC, to the undisguised horror of certain think tanks.

“CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act.”

In May, the US House of Representatives passed HR 5403, also known as the “CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act.” The bill, first introduced in September 2023 and sponsored by US Senator Ted Cruz, proposes amendments to the Federal Reserve Act to prohibit the US Federal Reserve from issuing CBDCs. It also seeks to protect the right to financial privacy and prevent the U.S. government from “weaponizing their financial system against their own citizens.”

If passed, HR 5403 will prevent the Fed from:

  1. Offering products or services directly to individuals.
  2. Maintaining accounts on behalf of individuals.
  3. Issuing a central bank digital currency or any digital asset that is substantially similar under any other name or label directly to an individual.

To become law, the bill still needs to clear the Senate, which is by not means guaranteed. But it is likely to receive added impetus from a new Trump administration, assuming Trump wins the election and isn’t assassinated before taking office or thwarted by a colour revolution, as Lambert posited yesterday. In January, Trump announced, to thunderous applause, at a New Hampshire that as president, he would “never allow the creation of a central bank digital currency.” Such a currency, he said, “would give a federal government, our federal government, absolute control over your money.”

Even a Kamala Harris administration is unlikely to fast-track a digital dollar, with progress set to continue to lag other jurisdictions, according to an article in The Banker. US voters — particularly Republican ones — are increasingly aware — and wary — of the threat posed by CBDCs, as demonstrated by the crowd’s reaction to Trump’s announcement. This, if nothing else, stands as testament to the power of social and independent media, and goes a long way to explaining why governments across the West are trying desperately to muzzle them.

Teeth Gnashing in Think Tankland

The prospect of the US, current holder of the world’s reserve currency, permanently pulling out of the global race to develop a CBDC is prompting all manner of teeth gnashing in think tankland. In March, the Brookings Institute warned that while “the US dollar remains king” — for now — “unless US policymakers take decisive steps to adapt to an increasingly digital financial system, the United States risks losing the economic and geopolitical advantages afforded to it by the dollar’s dominance of the global financial system.”

The Atlantic Council put it in even starker terms. In an article titled, “Don’t Let the US Become the Only Country to Ban CBDCs,” Josh Lipsky, the senior director of the Council’s GeoEconomics Center, and Ananya Kumar, the associate director for digital currencies at the GeoEconomics Center, warn that the passage of HR 5403 could do significant harm to the future of the dollar as well as throttle innovation across both the public and private sector.

[…]

Among the countries that have decided, or at least claim to have decided, not to issue a “retail” CBDC — i.e., one meant for use by members of the public — are two fellow five-eye nations: Canada and Australia.

The Bank of Canada was one of the first Western countries to begin exploring the idea of issuing a CBDC, a whole seven years ago. Until recently, it seemed that the central bank was intent on launching a retail CBDC. In the summer, it argued that Canada would need its own digital currency to maintain monetary sovereignty and financial stability, among other reasons, as people continue to use less cash. Then, just a month ago, it quietly reversed policy. As CBC reported, the central bank is now less eager to develop a digital Loonie.

[…]

The announcement came almost a year after a public consultation by the central bank revealed widespread public hostility and skepticism toward the proposed launch of a CBDC. Eighty-five percent of respondents said they would not use a digital Loonie in their own lives (unless, of course, forced to) while 92% said there were no circumstances in which they would rather use a digital Canadian dollar over current forms of payment.

The respondents also flagged issues with trust and security with 87% saying they distrusted the ability of the Bank of Canada to create a secure CDBC that is resistant to cyberattacks (87%). Sixty-three percent raised concerns about the security of current forms of digital payment, such as debit and credit cards, money transfers, and digital wallets (63%). Survey respondents also reported concerns about the federal government (86%), tech firms (86%), financial institutions (72%), and the Bank of Canada itself (79%) accessing personal payment data.

In September, the Bank of Canada Governor governor Tiff Macklem said “there is not currently a compelling case to move forward with a CBDC in Canada.” The central bank is not closing the door entirely on the possibility, however, stating that it will “continue to monitor global retail CBDC developments,” and that “the body of knowledge built over recent years will be invaluable if, at some point in the future, Canadians, through their elected representatives, decide they want or need a digital Canadian dollar.”

The chances of that are pretty slim if the public’s response to the consultation is anything to go by. Meanwhile, at the opposite end of the Pacific Ocean the Reserve Bank of Australia has also expressed doubts about developing a retail CBDC, turning its attention instead to a wholesale CBDC.

What is the difference?

A retail CBDC is meant for use by the general public and businesses of all shapes and sizes while a wholesale CBDC is intended for transactions, particularly cross-border ones, between banks and other financial institutions. Speaking at the recent Intersekt Conference in Melbourne, the RBA’s assistant governor Brad Jones said the central bank sees more value in a wholesale digital currency:

“I can confirm that the RBA is making a strategic commitment to prioritise its work agenda on wholesale digital money and infrastructure – including wholesale CBDC – rather than retail CBDC.”

The RBA believes that a retail CBDC poses more potential “challenges” to the financial system while its impact on the Australian economy is likely to be less “promising”. A wholesale CBDC would be more of an evolution than a revolution, Jones said, making it easier for the commercial banks and payments firms to adapt to the changing reality.

This near-simultaneous shift by Canada and Australia appears to be part of a broader global trend away from retail CBDCs. In recent months, central banks in Switzerland and Taiwan have both expanded wholesale CBDC projects at the expense of retail alternatives. A report by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has also confirmed this shift, revealing a sharp rise in wholesale CBDC projects, particularly in advanced economies. The likelihood of issuing a wholesale CBDC within the next six years now surpasses that of issuing a retail CBDC.

That’s not to say that many of the world’s largest economies aren’t aggressively pursuing a retail CBDC, including all five of the BRICS founding nations, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, as well as the EU, Turkey and Iran, all of which are at the pilot phase.

In the two other Five-Eye nations, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, the central banks are moving ahead with their retail CBDC plans but both are a long way from reaching pilot phase. Both also face strong resistance from their respective commercial banking sectors. In New Zealand, the national banking association has warned that a retail CBDC could accelerate bank runs. In the UK, the head of the City of London Corporation, London’s Lord Mayor Michael Mainelli, told a recent conference organised by the Digital Pound Foundation that while CBDCs can fight financial crime, as payments are traceable, they have a dark side: “loss of privacy.”

Meanwhile, Back in the US…

Dollar-backed stable coins are being touted as a means of entrenching US financial supremacy supremacy in global finance. Trump appears to be on board with the idea, pledging at the recent Bitcoin Conference 2024 to “create a framework to enable the safe, responsible expansion of stablecoins […] allowing us to extend the dominance of the US dollar to new frontiers all around the worlds.”

That will not be the only dark side of this new vision. As Mark Goodwin and Whitney Webb report in Bitcoin Magazine, the fast-growing stablecoins being issued by the likes of Tether, Circle, Stripe and Paypal will be just as programmable and surveillable as CBDCs.

[…]

In recent years, stablecoin operators have become big buyers treasuries, “gobbling up $150 billion of U.S. debt –– in the form of securities issued by the Treasury –– in order to ‘back’ the issuance of their dollar-pegged tokens with a dollar-denominated asset.” Stablecoin issuers are now the 18th largest holder of US debt. And as Godwin and Webb document, the companies that own them are zealously collaborating with US authorities in seizing funds of blacklisted individuals and companies:

In the case of the dollar stablecoin Tether (USDT), Howard Lutnick, the CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald which holds Tether’s Treasuries, has stated his affinity for the company by making reference to Tether’s recent trend of blacklisting retail addresses flagged by the U.S. Department of Justice. “With Tether, you can call Tether, and they’ll freeze it.” On Saturday, Trump mentioned Lutnick by name in his speech, calling Lutnick – one of the longest standing, top traders of U.S. government debt – “incredible” and “one of the truly brilliant men of Wall Street.”

Last October, Tether froze 32 wallets for alleged links to terrorism in Ukraine and Israel. The next month, $225 million was frozen after a DOJ investigation alleged that the wallets containing these funds were linked to a human trafficking syndicate. During December 2023, over 40 wallets found on the Office of Foreign Assets Control’s (OFAC) Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List were frozen by the stablecoin issuer.

Not only is Trump’s plan nothing new, it already has a name — in fact, has done since 2019 when two senior IMF economists, Tobias Adrian and Tommaso Mancini-Griffoli, gave it one: “synthetic” CBDC, or sCBDC. The IMF has been one of the biggest proponents of CBDCs and has even released a handbook for global central banks regarding their development and implementation. The Fund was a major consultant in the development and roll out of Nigeria’s eNaira, which together with the central bank’s disastrous demonetisation program, contributed to the country’s current economic crisis — its worst in decades.

[…]

Via https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2024/10/central-bank-digital-currency-cbdc-projects-are-foundering-in-all-five-eye-nations.html

Settlers Prepare for “Resettlement” in Gaza

Voltaire Network

Israeli Minister of National Security Itamar Ben-Gvir took part in a two-day meeting on Israel’s southern border entitled “Preparing for our resettlement in Gaza” on the occasion of the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. He said: “What we have learned this year is that everything depends on us. We are the owners of this land. Yes, we have experienced a terrible catastrophe. But we must understand that a year later, so many Israelis have changed their mentality. They have changed their mindset. They understand that acting as the rightful owners of this land brings results.

Referring to the Palestinian prisoners, he went on: “We took their jelly sandwiches. We took their chocolate. We took their televisions. We took their ping-pong tables and practice time. You should see them crying and weeping in their cells. This is our proof: when we decide we can, we do succeed.”

“We will encourage the voluntary transfer of all citizens of Gaza. We will offer them the opportunity to move to other countries because this land belongs to us,” he concluded.

Spokesperson for the “Mothers’ Parade” Sima Hasson said “I’m going to say something that not everyone here is ready to say, but I am, and I know many of you are, ready to say it: “Conquer, expel and resettle”. I’m not just talking about an area of Gaza. I’m not just talking about northern Gaza. I mean every area of land. This is the only way to prevent our boys from constantly going to war. To all those in Europe who have an opinion about what is going on here, I say: do not meddle. Your entire continent is invaded by radical Islam!”

Pasionaria of the settler movement Daniella Weiss said: “We came here with a clear objective: to occupy the entire Gaza Strip… Every inch from north to south. We are thousands of people and we are ready to go to Gaza. October 7 changed history. As a result of the brutal massacre, the Arabs of Gaza have lost their rights to be here forever, they will not stay here.

Minister of the Negev, Galilee and National Resilience Yitzhak Wasserlauf said: “For 2,000 years, we dreamed of returning to our Jewish homeland. I know that those who disagree with us call it messianism. I call it Zionism. We are true Zionists. We love our land, we love our people, and we value life. And we have a responsibility to create a safe, Jewish nation on the land God has given us.

Minister of Social Equality and the Advancement of Women May Golan said: “We will hit them where it hurts: their land. Whoever uses his plot of land to plan another holocaust will receive from us, with God’s help, another Nakba [catastrophe].”

In February 2024, the settler movement had already organized a “Conference for Israel’s victory – settlements bring security: return to the Gaza Strip and northern Samaria” in Jerusalem in which they threatened the United States and the United Kingdom with resurrecting the Stern terrorist group [1].

[…]

Via https://www.voltairenet.org/article221426.html

Elon Musk: Wikipedia is Broken

Wikipedia is ‘broken’ – Musk

RT

Wikipedia is “broken,” X and Tesla owner Elon Musk wrote on Tuesday, commenting on accusations that the online encyclopedia allows articles which essentially brand Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump a “fascist.”

The billionaire, who recently offered his full support to the previous US president ahead of the November election, highlighted an article called ‘Wikipedia Editors Officially Deem Trump a Fascist’ by American writer Ashley Rindsberg.

The article published on Pirate Wires drew attention to several Wikipedia entries, including ‘Trumpism’, ‘Racial views of Donald Trump’, and ‘Donald Trump and fascism’, noting that the latter page appeared on the same day that The Guardian published a 4,000-word essay called “Is Donald Trump a Fascist?” alluding to many similar points.

The page ‘Donald Trump and fascism’ also contains some of the more pointed accusations against the Republican, including comparisons between the January 6 attack by the then president’s supporters on Capitol Hill and the Beer Hall Putsch, a failed coup attempt by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in 1923.

Rindsberg noted that the ‘Trumpism’ Wikipedia page writes that the supposed ideology “has significant authoritarian leanings,” and is “national-populist” and “neo-nationalist” in essence while relying on “a source that argues exactly the opposite.” He added that some of the key quotes in the ‘Trumpism’ article are sourced to late sociologist Richard Lachmann, who was described as a “committed leftist” and “an anti-imperialist.”

Commenting on Rindsberg’s article, Musk wrote on X: “Wikipedia is broken.” He previously claimed that the website “is controlled by far-left activists” and that “people should stop donating to them.”

Musk’s criticism of Wikipedia comes after a June report by the Manhattan Institute found that some English-language articles tended to associate right-wing leaders more often with words correlated with negative emotions as “anger” and “disgust.” This apparent bias, the researchers added, is also influencing automatic responses given by AI large language models.

[…]

Via https://www.rt.com/news/606733-wikipedia-broken-fascism-trump-musk/

House Floats Law to Make Colleges That Mandated COVID Shots Pay for Vaccine Injuries

covid vaccine bottle with word "mandate" and stack of books and graduate cap

Colleges that mandated the COVID-19 vaccine would be liable for medical expenses for students who experienced adverse events from the shot, under a bill introduced Tuesday in the U.S. House of Representatives.

The University Forced Vaccination Student Injury Mitigation Act of 2024 would require higher education institutions to cover medical costs for students who were — or still are — required to get a COVID-19 shot for class attendance and who experienced an injury.

The bill — introduced by Rep. Matt Rosendale (R-Mont.) — stipulates colleges must cover the medical costs or risk losing all federal funding from the U.S. Department of Education.

“If you are not prepared to face the consequences, you should have never committed the act,” said Rosendale in a press release. “Colleges and universities forced students to inject themselves with an experimental vaccine knowing it was not going to prevent COVID-19 while potentially simultaneously causing life-threatening health defects like Guillain-Barré Syndrome and myocarditis.”

“It is now time,” Rosendale added, “for schools to be held accountable for their brazen disregard for students’ health and pay for the issues they are responsible for causing.”

Reps. Eli Crane (R-Ariz.) and Bill Posey (R-Fla.) co-sponsored the bill.

Dr. Joseph Marine, professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, explained in the press release why he supports the bill:

“COVID-19 vaccine mandates for college students were flawed policies that did not alter the course of the pandemic and were not needed to keep college campuses ‘safe.’ I had to make efforts to prevent my own high school and college-age children from receiving COVID-19 booster shots that they did not want or need.

“It seems reasonable to me that institutions that implemented such policies without a sound medical or scientific rationale should take responsibility for any proven medical harm that they caused.”

If passed, the bill would allow students to submit a formal request for reimbursement, the Washington Examiner reported.

The request would have to include a record of COVID-19 vaccination, certification from a medical provider that the vaccine caused some kind of disease and a detailed account of related medical expenses.

Diseases covered by the legislation include myocarditis, pericarditis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome and any other diseases that the U.S. Secretary of Education determines to be linked to COVID-19 vaccination.

After the student’s request is vetted to ensure it’s valid and contains sufficient evidence, the college would have to pay the medical costs within 30 days.

It is unclear when a vote on the bill will take place.

CHD took college mandate challenge to U.S. Supreme Court

Rutgers University was the first college or university in the U.S. to mandate the vaccines, threatening to disenroll noncompliant students in the fall 2021 semester. In August 2021, Children’s Health Defense (CHD) sued the university in an attempt to block the mandate.

The case was dismissed in January 2023. After losing on appeal in February, CHD in May asked the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the case, but the court declined. Meanwhile, a month earlier, Rutgers abruptly ended the mandate.

Meanwhile, a federal appeals court this summer ruled that employees in the Los Angeles Unified School District can sue the district over its COVID-19 vaccine mandate because the shots don’t prevent transmission.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acknowledges that myocarditis and pericarditis may occur after COVID-19 vaccination. And research shows that adolescents and young adults are particularly at risk of vaccine-induced myocarditis.

As of Sept. 27, there were 1,604,710 Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) reports of injury or death following a COVID-19 vaccination.

VAERS is the primary mechanism for reporting adverse vaccine reactions in the U.S. Reports submitted to VAERS require further investigation before confirming the reported adverse event was caused by the vaccine. VAERS has historically been shown to report only 1% of actual vaccine adverse events.

Meanwhile, citing concerns about the shots’ efficacy and safety, Idaho’s Southwest District Health last week voted to no longer offer COVID-19 vaccines at all 30 locations where it provides healthcare services.

17 colleges still have COVID vaccine mandates

By late May 2021, more than 400 U.S. colleges and universities required students to be vaccinated against COVID-19, The New York Times reported.

As of Oct. 19, 17 of those institutions still have a COVID-19 vaccination requirement for students to be able to enroll or live on campus, according to No College Mandates, a “group of concerned parents, doctors, nurses, professors, students and other college stakeholders working towards the common goal of ending COVID-19 vaccine mandates.”

Lucia Sinatra, co-founder of No College Mandates, said in the press release:

“College students were never at risk of severe injury or death from any variant of the COVID-19 virus and institutions of higher education had this data well in advance of mandating COVID-19 vaccines.”

According to the CDC, age is the “strongest risk factor” for severe outcomes from COVID-19 — meaning that the older a person is, the greater their risk for severe symptoms and death.

The CDC said its National Center for Health Statistics shows that “compared with ages 18–29 years, the risk of death is 25 times higher in those ages 50–64 years, 60 times higher in those ages 65–74 years, 140 times higher in those ages 75–84 years, and 340 times higher in those ages 85+ years.”

In other words, the typical college student — ages 18-22 — isn’t usually at risk of severe disease or death from COVID-19 when compared with older age groups.

Nonetheless, Sinatra said, many colleges imposed “some of the most coercive and restrictive vaccination policies” on college students, stripping them of their “fundamental right to bodily autonomy and informed consent.”

[…]

Via https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/colleges-mandate-covid-vaccine-pay-injuries/

TAINTED GRUB: USDA now licensing DNA vaccines in America’s FOOD SUPPLY

TAINTED GRUB: USDA now licensing DNA vaccines in America’s FOOD SUPPLY

Dr Eddy Betterman

Ohio attorney Tom Renz has dropped another bombshell exposing the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for licensing the use of deadly DNA vaccines in America’s food supply.

While the USDA had previously given the green light for salmon to be vaccinated with the latest mRNA (modRNA) chemicals, this newest scheme is even worse in that it allows even more questionable pharmaceutical chemicals to be administered to animals that people consume as food.

“… the deadly mRNA poison vaccines weren’t enough for the Biden Harris administration,” Renz notes. “They and their big pharma partners are now licensing DNA vaccines for use in our foods.”

Renz shared screenshots from two documents showing that these DNA vaccines not only exist – and the world was not told about them until now – but are already licensed and being used in the U.S. food supply, unbeknownst to most of the country.

“Our food supply is simply NOT safe,” Renz warns.

https://twitter.com/RenzTom/status/1851177743783780834

Check out the following video to see what the salmon industry is already doing to the sea-based food supply:

https://twitter.com/catsscareme2021/status/1851037372218999015

(Related: Be sure to also check out our earlier report about how RNA and DNA contamination of the food supply is already much worse than most people realize.)

Beware GMO salmon

Renz’s bombshell so upset Rainmaking CEO Kim Greenhouse (@Rainmaking) that she called on X / Twitter for the USDA to be “charged with crimes, including the FDA.”

“GOD HELP US,” she added in desperation.

Another echoed the sentiment that the USDA – or at least the people running the thing – needs to be taken down as soon as possible because “this is our last chance” to save the country.

“RFK Jr. can’t come on board fast enough as Food Health Czar,” wrote another, desperate for Donald Trump to win reelection and appoint Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as the lead guy for cleaning up the nation’s food supply.

The same person who celebrated RFK Jr.’s potential recalled how during a recent trip to the grocery store, she noticed what she described as “an unusually large supply of salmon on sale.”

“Typically it’s so high priced the store doesn’t stock much,” she continued. “Now I know why mass quantities are available at affordable prices.”

It is clear, wrote another, that the powers that be (TPTB) really want to lower the average lifespan to keep their human herd in check.

“It’s time to raise our own food,” wrote another about a possible solution to America’s highly polluted food supply. “Either alone or in communities.”

“I’m not eating poison or having it put in my body by a vax. I’ll raise my own thank you. Or support small organic local farms. Anything but swallow whatever the global elites want us to swallow. Don’t go along. Demand testing of our food. Raise your own. Go to small farms or on line small co-ops. Anything but taking the govt poison.”

Another agreed, noting that this is why TPTB are starting to go so aggressively against small farmers “so that we do not have a choice.”

“They are even passing laws for backyard chickens to be vaccinated,” this person added. “Some places are making it illegal to sell local products to people.”

[…]

Via https://dreddymd.com/2024/10/31/usda-licensing-dna-vaccines-in-food-supply/

Indo-European Languages Spoken in Asia

Episode 4 Indo-European Languages Spoken in Asia

Language Families of the World

Dr John McWhorter

Film Review

At present 1/6 to 1/5 of the world speaks an Indo-Aryan language derived from Sanskrit, which has even more case endings than Latin. A sub-family of Indo-European languages, the most common Indo-Aryan languages include Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi and Romani (spoken by Europeans commonly known as “travelers” or “gypsies”)

The Indo-Aryan languages look and sound very different from most Indo-European languages because they adopted many grammatical constructions and the retroflex consonants* of India’s indigenous Dravidian languages (now only spoken in southern India).

Another Indo-European subfamily, Indo-Iranian languages derive from Old Persian. Like Old English, Old Persian became streamlined (ie lost its case endings) under the Persian empire, when (as in Britain) large number of adults (mainly slaves) learned it as a second language.**

Sogdian, similar to Old Persian, is an obsolete language spoken by Silk Road traders.

Persian is also spoken in Afghanistan (where it’s called Dari) and Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (where it’s called Tajik). Bukharen is a Tajik dialect spoken in Central Asia with many words adopted from Hebrew.

Other Indo-Iranian languages:

  • Pashto, a language spoken in Afghanistan, is more similar to Old Persian, in that it still uses case endings.
  • Kurdish, spoken by Kurds in Turkey, Iran and Syria.
  • Hittite, an extinct language spoken on the Anatolia peninsula, believed to be a streamlined version of Proto-Indo-European before it developed complex verb and case endings.

Armenian is considered to be an Indo-Eruopean language but has adopted numerous Indo-Iranian words.


*Retroflex consonants are articulated with the tongue curled back against the roof of the mouth, specifically the alveolar ridge or postalveolar area.

**Similarly large number of Vikings learned English as adults when they occupied large swaths of England from the 8th to the 11th century. In contrast, Icelandic is more like the original Proto-Indo-European language, in that it has preserved many case endings.

Film can be viewed free with a library card on Kanopy.

https://www.kanopy.com/en/pukeariki/watch/video/6120000/6120008